Punctuation
Punctuation is a collection of marks and signs which break words up into groups and give other useful information to help us write in a good way.
The most common punctuation marks are:
1. full stop . Shows the end of a sentence
2. comma , Shows a short pause in a sentence
3. exclamation mark ! Shows surprise, humour or excitement
4. question mark ? Used to denote a question
5. colon : Used before a list or before giving evidence to prove a point
6. semi-colon ; Shows a longer pause
7. speech mark “ ” Show direct speech/a quotation/to show irony/sarcasm
8. apostrophe ’ Shows a missing letter or possession
9. hyphen and dash - Can be used to show a pause, or to link two words
10. parentheses/brackets ( ) Used around an aside, or less important point
11. Capital letters are also used to help us organise meaning and to structure our writing.
To expand this lesson, go to:
Practice:
April 20
In order to start to write our project, we are going to analyze how a text is written. Let's continue with our model: Cleanup project.
1. Analyze the sections of the text
Each text has main sections; for
example, introduction, description of a problem, solution.
Task: Check the Cleanup
Project Website and identify
each section of the Website. Which is the purpose of each section?
2. Analyze grammatical choices
Each text uses a range of verb tenses, word choices, or grammatical structures that correspond to the genre and purpose of it.
The following are some important tips to improve our writing skills. Please analyze each tip and do the proposed task.
Basic writing tips
Image retrieved from: http://mrsardon.blogspot.com.co/2013/06/chapter-7-be-efficient-and-integrate.html
When we write a composition, it is not enough to have good ideas or
persuasive arguments.
It is important to express them correctly.
1. Word order: Subject + Verb + Object
+ Complements (manner - place - time)It is important to express them correctly.
I found the book easily at the library yesterday
Practice: https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/word-order/positive
Passive voice:
We use the passive for different reasons. We sometimes use it to give focus to something. We can also use it because we don’t know the identity of the ‘doer’ or because it’s not important to know who or what did the action. In addition, we use it to be impersonal and create distance.
We often use passives without agents in academic and technical contexts when the process or actions are more significant than who or what did them:
A sample was taken and injected into a tube.
In this study, children’s eye movements were recorded while they listened to a series of messages.
2. Time expressions can come at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.
Ex: I play tennis at weekends.
Nowadays I live in a small town.
Practice: https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/word-order/time-position
3. Don´t separate the verb from its object.
Practice: http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/verb-patterns-with-and-without-objects
4. Frequency adverbs (often, always, never) often come before the main verb.
Practice: http://www.grammar.cl/Basic/Adverbs_Frequency.htm
5. If a sentence has a direct object and an indirect object, we often place the indirect
object first: "She wrote him a letter" ( "She wrote a letter to him", is possible).
Practice: http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-direct-indirect-object.php
7. Some nouns are always followed by a singular verb (everything, news, furniture, information ...)
Some nouns are followed by a plural verb (people, children, police, trousers ...)
Practice: https://webapps.towson.edu/ows/sub-verb.htm
Task: All these grammar topics are not only used in academic texts, you can also find them in literature. Read the Caterville ghost story in https://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/literature/canterville-ghost?part1 and analyze the main verb tenses (time) , word order, time expressions, passive voice, etc..
Write down in comments examples of each grammar topic found in the story
Activity prepared by Alejandra Jiménez and adapted by Deisa Gómez
BIOSKETCH:
ResponderEliminarAlejandro Zapata is a Colombian boy who is studying Architecture at Universidad Nacional de Colombia. He likes to paint and draw, and is good with watercolor, oil and color pencils. Also, he often enjoys to listen to music and watch movies like Tarantino or Kubrick ones.
To finish, he wants to study plastic arts, and travel around the world exposing his masterpieces and buildings.
TASK:
Problem and About sections (Cleanup Project Website):
Tense: The main tense is PRESENT SIMPLE
Style: The website give IMPERSONAL information.
Level of formality: The information is very formal.
Structures: It generally uses passive voice.
Alejandro Zapata is a Colombian boy who is studying Architecture at Universidad Nacional de Colombia. He likes to paint and draw, and is good (with) AT watercolor, oil and color pencils. Also, he often enjoys to listen to music and watch movies like Tarantino or Kubrick ones.
EliminarTo finish, he (wants) PLANS to study plastic arts, and travel around the world (exposing) EXHIBITING his masterpieces and buildings.
WRITE ALSO ABOUT YOUR WORKS IN YOUR MAJOR, YOUR EXHIBITIONS. HAVE YOU WORKED IN PROJECTS? HAVE YOU WORKED AS A VOLUNTEER?
Jesus David Romero Benitez
ResponderEliminarTASK: Problem and About sections (Cleanup Project Website):
Tense: The main tense is present simple
Style: The website focus is on the action ,besides give impersonal information.
Level of formality: Very formal.
Structures: It generally uses passive and active voice.
Susana Cardona Gallego
ResponderEliminarBiosketch: Susana Cardona is from Medellín, Colombia. She born January 31, 1998. She is studying architecture at Universidad Nacional de Colombia because she is interested in create new spaces, read about art, she likes draw and take photos. Too, in free time, she see movies, and do excercise, play Underwaterrugby.
She lived in Ibague but prefer Medellin and wants change a lot of things of it with architecture.
-the task is Problem and about sections-Cleanup Project Website.
-The main tense is simple present.
-The style of the website is impersonal .
-The website is very formal.
-In the structure of the website used passive voice.
Hi Susana, here you are my feedback:
EliminarBiosketch: Susana Cardona is from Medellín, Colombia. She WAS born ON January 31, 1998. She is studying architecture at Universidad Nacional de Colombia because she is interested in creat(e)ING new spaces, read about art, she likes TO draw and take photos. Too, in HER free time, she (see)WATCHES movies, (and) WORKS OUT (doES excercise,) AND playS Underwaterrugby.
She lived in Ibague but preferS Medellin and wants TO change a lot of things of it with architecture.
-the task is Problem and about sections-Cleanup Project Website.
-The main tense is simple present.
-The style of the website is impersonal .
-The website is very formal.
-In the structure of the website IT IS used passive voice. EXAMPLE?
David Humberto Cortes Escobar
ResponderEliminarBiosketch: David cortes born in medellin (october 28, 1995) she studyning mechanical Engineering at national university of colombia.
he is interesed in industrial processes for the production of raw materials and their transformation sustainable and economical way to improve the quality of life of all people involved in these processes. he likes listen to music he likes listen to music, walk about the city, and he is convinced that cannabis can change and save the world.
Task:
Tense:most of sentence is in simple present
Style:the website give impersonal information the information is focused on actions
Lovel of formality: the website presented a very formal and technique
Structures: used passive voice
Hi David, here you are my feedback, DO THE CORRECTIONS:
EliminarBiosketch: David cortes WAS born in medellin (october 28, 1995) she? OR HE? IS study(n)ing mechanical Engineering at (n)National (u)University of (c)Colombia.
(h)He is (interesed) INTERESTED in industrial processes for the production of raw materials and their sustainable and economical way OF transformation to improve the quality of life of all people involved in these processes. (h)He likes TO listen to music he likes TO listen to music, walkS (about) AROUND the city, and he is convinced that cannabis can change and save the world.
David cortes Was born in Medellin (October 28, 1995) he is studying mechanical Engineering at National University of Colombia. currently he is in the fourth semester.
EliminarHe is interested in industrial processes for the production of raw materials and their sustainable and economical way of transformation to improve the quality of life of all people involved in these processes. He is convinced that cannabis can change and save the world.
The motivation to participate in this project is related to learn and implement production process sustainable that allow a obtaining series of articles of daily consume
Jorge Castillo
ResponderEliminarTask:
Tense: the most is in present
Style: the website has an impersonal style, explaning the actions that they do.
Level of formality: the website employ a very formal and tehnical lenguage.
structures: use passive voice.
Biosketch:
Jorge Mario Castillo Mera born in pasto on january 16, 1997. He is studing civil engineering at "Universidad Nacional de Colombia", he loves play video games, sleep, read, and do some sports, he is intresting in change the world in his own way.
Hi Jorge, here you are my feedback, do the corrections please:
EliminarBiosketch:
Jorge Mario Castillo Mera WAS born in pasto on january 16, 1997. He is studYing civil engineering at "Universidad Nacional de Colombia", he loves TO play video games, sleep, read, and (do) PRACTICE some sports, he is (intresting) INTERESTED in chang(e)ING the world in his own way.(WHAT IS THIS WAY?)
Biosketch:
ResponderEliminarVanesa Bedoya is a Colombian entrepeneur who studied Chemical Engineering at the National University of Colombia. She thinks the big changes are made of little things, so she wants everyone to see this the way she does, that's why she had created a company and a couple projects where anyone can make little contributions to make a huge difference. She speaks three languages. She likes to spend time with her family and friends, to travel, to dance and she really loves music.
TASK:
Problem and About sections (Cleanup Project Website):
Tense: Most of the text is in simple present.
Style: The style of the text is impersonal.
Level of formality: Formal.
Structures:
-direct: native ecosystems.
-active voice: Plastic pollution causes at least 13 billion U.S. dollars in damage every year.
-passive voice: species consumed by humans.
-frequency adverbs: each year.
-time expressions: last decade.
Good writing Vanesa! there are some corrections to do:
EliminarBiosketch:
Vanesa Bedoya is a Colombian entrepeneur who studied Chemical Engineering at the National University of Colombia. She thinks the big changes are made of little things, so she wants everyone to see this the way she does, that's why she (had) HAS created a company and a couple OF projects where anyone can make little contributions to make a huge difference. She speaks three languages WHICH LANGUAGES?. She likes to spend time with her family and friends, to travel, to dance and she really loves music.
Jazmín Juliana Zuleta Ramírez
ResponderEliminarBiosketch:
Jazmín Juliana Zuleta Ramírez was born on January 17, 1998. She is from Medellín, Colombia. She studies mechanical engineering at Universidad Nacional de Colombia. She wants to join to an investigation group. She is interested in biomechanical applications and renewable energy, she wishes to changes the way that people use energy and resources in all type of machines. At present, she is working in a project of a gadget for reuse wastewater in houses.
Task
Problem and About sections (Cleanup Project Website):
Tense: Most of the text uses simple present.
Style: Is a impersonal text.
Level of formality: The text is formal.
Structures:
- active voice: Plastic pollution is also a carrier of invasive species.
- passive voice: Species consumed by humans.
- frequency adverbs: At least one million seabirds and one hundred thousand marine mammals die "each year" due to plastic pollution.
- time expressions: "For the last decade" he has worked almost exclusively with high-potential businesses.
Good writing Jazmin! there are some corrections to do:
EliminarBiosketch:
Jazmín Juliana Zuleta Ramírez was born on January 17, 1998. She is from Medellín, Colombia. She studies mechanical engineering at Universidad Nacional de Colombia. She wants to join (to) an investigation group. She is interested in biomechanical applications and renewable energy, she wishes (to changes)SHE COULD CHANGE the way that people use energy and resources in all type of machines. At present, she is working in a project of a gadget for reus(e)ING wastewater in houses.
Task
Problem and About sections (Cleanup Project Website):
Tense: Most of the text uses simple present.
Style: IT Is aN impersonal text.
Level of formality: The text is formal.
Structures:
- active voice: Plastic pollution is also a carrier of invasive species.
- passive voice: Species consumed by humans.
- frequency adverbs: At least one million seabirds and one hundred thousand marine mammals die "each year" due to plastic pollution.EACH YEAR IS NOT AN ADVERB, IT IS A TIME EXPRESSION
- time expressions: "For the last decade" he has worked almost exclusively with high-potential businesses. GOOD
Mariana
ResponderEliminarBiosketch:
Mariana Henao (1993) studies civil engineering at Universidad Nacional de Colombia. She is in an investigation group since three years ago. She has written a book with group investigation Director and others articles about LEAN process. In this moment, She is applying to specialization in environmental management at University
EliminarGood writing Mariana! there are some corrections to do:
Biosketch:
Mariana Henao (1993) studies civil engineering at Universidad Nacional de Colombia. She is in an investigation group (since) three years ago. She has written a book with THE group investigation Director and other(s) articles about LEAN process. In this moment, She is applying to A specialization in environmental management at NATIONAL University
Daniel Hernandez Gomez
ResponderEliminarBiosketch:
Daniel Hernandez Gomez, was born on august 25, 1997 in medellin, colombia. he is studying industrial engineering at university of colombia. he likes the administration and he wants to found his own company and work with other entrepeneur people, he likes practice some sports and travel around the world.
Task:
Problem and About sections (Cleanup Project Website):
-tense: simple present is used in the most part of the text
-style: a impersonal text.
-level of formality: the lenguage used in the website is formal and very technical too.
-structure: the structure of website use passive voice.
Good writing Daniel! there are some corrections to do:
EliminarBiosketch:
Daniel Hernandez Gomez(,) was born on august 25, 1997 in medellin, colombia. he is studying industrial engineering at NATIONAL (u)University of colombia. (h)He likes the administration and he wants to found his own company and work with other entrepeneur people, he likes TO practice some sports and travel around the world.
Este comentario ha sido eliminado por el autor.
ResponderEliminarGood writing Susana! here you are some corrections to do:
EliminarSusana Gil Jaramillo (1997) studies Political Science at (the) National University of Colombia. She is in a study group about Critique of Political Economy in which she has done analysis not only of the structure of current economic system, but she also has used that analysis to do (little) SHORT researches OR STUDIES about junctures like Venezuelan economic crisis. She has focusED her study on economic models because she thinks that they are the basis of the society.
Biosketch:
ResponderEliminarManuel Marin (1999) is a student of Civil engineering in the National University of Colombia. He began to study very early (unknown age) and was graduated in San Vicente Ferrer, Antioquia.
He started to study Civil Engineering in the first semester of 2015 at age of 15 years old. He hoped to improve the life quality of his society from his knowledge, having the environment integrity as one of his aims
Biosketch: Jaime Andres Restrepo Úsuga is a mechanical engineer Who Was born in Medellin, Colombia. He would like to learn more about: informatic, mechatronics , aeronautics and Aerospace, applied desing, thermo, astrology and physics . He is planning to get a PhD and travel around the world for applying, exchanging and Contributing in areas previously mentioned.
ResponderEliminarPROBLEM AND ABOUT SECTIONS-CLEANUP PROJECT WEBSITE.
The tense is simple present.
The style of the website is impersonal.
The website is formal.
Its written structure is pretty much passive voice.
Jesús Romero
ResponderEliminarBiosketch:
Jesus Romero(1997) studies mining engineering at Universidad Nacional de Colombia, was born on september 2o, 1997 in Monteria, colombia. He likes work in mining projects, extracting mineral resources responsibly without harm to the environment,He is planning encourage new exploitation techniques that benefit the world
Good writing Jesus! here you are some corrections to do:
EliminarJesus Romero(1997) was born on september 2oth, 1997 in Monteria, colombia.HE studies mining engineering at Universidad Nacional de Colombia, He likes TO work in mining projects, extracting mineral resources responsibly without harmING (to) the environment,He is planning TO CARRY OUT (encourage) new exploitation techniques that benefit the world
Kewin Evers Yagarí.
ResponderEliminarBioskech:
Kewin Evers Yagarí is a System and informatic enginnering student from the "Universidad Nacional de Colombia", was born on november 11th, 1996 in Bello, Antioquia. He began his carrier on August 2015, he like to learn about mathematics, programming and electronic. For the future he plan to found his own company, and with it, he expect to help develop Colombia's Industry.
Good writing Kewin! here you are some corrections to do:
EliminarKewin Evers Yagarí is a System and informatic enginnering student from (the) "Universidad Nacional de Colombia", HE was born on november 11th, 1996 in Bello, Antioquia. He began his (carrier) MAJOR (on) IN August 2015, he likeS to learn about mathematics, programming and electronic. For the future he planS to found his own company, and with it, he expectS to help TO develop Colombia's Industry.
He is Daniel Cardona Giraldo, He's from Colombia and He was student of
ResponderEliminarelectromechanical maintenance at the Sena in 2012-2013. He began
working at Sancelas company in the electric laboratory. Later He
moved to the mechanical laboratory. In that place he started to
motivate with the machines, so he decided to begin the peofessional
studies in the Universiy.
Actually he is stadying Mechanical Enginering at the Nacional
University of Colombia.
ResponderEliminarBiosketch: Franklin Stiven Morales Gomez is from Arauca-Colombia. He studies mining and metallurgy engineering at Universidad Nacional de Colombia. He born August 6, 1992. He wants to be a great professional and with their ideas contribute to the growth of the country. He wants to make a responsible mining. Too, he like the sports and do exercise. He loves to cook in his free time.
first activity
• The task: Problem and about sections-Cleanup Project Website.
• The main tense is simple present.
• The style of the website is impersonal information.
• The level of formality of the website is very formal.
• The structure of the website generally uses passive voice.
1. Verb Tenses:
ResponderEliminarPresent:
- “…I come from a modern country, where we have everything that money can buy…”
- “That is all nonsense”
Past:
- “When the American, Mr Otis, bought Canterville Castle, everyone told him that this was very foolish…”
- “…Virginia and the twins, went down to their new home.”
- “… and a spooky stillness was in the air.”
- “The old woman smiled and answered…”
2. Word order
- “…they – (Subject)- found –(verb)-the terrible stain of blood –(Object)- once again on the floor –(Complement) -…”
- “The ghost (Subject) looked (verb) at her (object) furiously (Complement)…”
3. Time expressions
- “At eleven o'clock the family went to bed and some time after…”
- “…on Friday, the 17th of August, he tried to frighten the Otis family again.”
4. Passive voice
- “…all doubts about the existence of the ghost were finally removed forever.”
Manuel Marín.
Kelly Posada is a woman from Medellín, She was born in 8 july of 1992. Nowadays she is an administrative engineering at National University of Colombia. She is interested in merchandising process and logistics into the organizations. In is free time, she practices rugby in his free time, she also likes to watch movies and walks.
ResponderEliminarProblem and About sections (Cleanup Project Website):
Tense: The main tense is present simple
Style: The website gives impersonal information.
Level of formality: Very formal.
Structures: Passive voice most of all the time.
Jarry Yesiht Salazar Londoño
ResponderEliminarJarry Yesiht Salazar Londoño was born on july 23, 1993. he is from Cartago Valle. He studying Statistics at National University of Colombia.
He was interested how the data bases are capable of the searching process and information costs automatically, and right now he's working in a college project about the use of wastewater
Luis Sanchez is a Colombian who is studying environmental engineer at Universidad Nacional de Colombia. He is from Medellin, Colombia.He is interested in how ecological systems work and Also He is interested in how animals solve problems similar to the problems that humans have.
ResponderEliminar